| The culture of aquatic species has grown much more rapidly in recent years than that of terrestrial species. Consequently, aquatic livestock welfare is a growing concern for society. However, unlike the many studies of terrestrial animal welfare, few scientific data exist concerning fish welfare. It is generally recognized that the aquaculture environment exposes fish to many repeated stress factors which affect their health, growth, reproductive performance and feeding behaviour. Even if stress responses do not highlight all welfare disturbances, it is generally admitted that they reveal a poor welfare. Among the solutions investigated to reduce fish stress, domestication and selection appear to be the favoured approaches. However, selection has generally... |
